At first glance it might seem a bit of cultural dissonance to refer to one of the most famous American authors by a term that only came into popularity some years after he died. Yet, in many ways, Hemingway's life and career was the template for so many to be called rock stars in the decades immediately following his death in 1961.
We've placed Hemingway high on our list of top 20 most famous American authors . He earned that rank on the strength of his contribution to English language literature. Yet, even with all that, there's no denying that his fame and its very nature superseded even that literary legacy. He made the mold for artistic celebrity that defined the 20th century.
Still in his 20s he rocketed to critical acclaim with his anguished and restless novella The Sun Also Rises. Just a couple years later, still basking in his critical cache, he also became a bestselling author, with the publication of A Farewell to Arms. The latter was sandwiched between a pair of story collections that were so remarkable that it is fair to say that Hemingway singlehandedly reinvented the short story. Stories like A Day's Wait, A Clean and Well-Lighted Place and Hills Like White Elephants were heartbreaking snapshots of life's tiny emotional wounds and scars.
This remarkable accomplishment of simultaneous critical and commercial success became the dream of generation after generation of artistically inclined youth throughout the 20th century. And to have achieved all this while still in fact a very young man was the almost fairytale-like part of the story. There were a variety of factors that converged to allow for his success.
To begin with, reminiscent of many of the most successful rock artists who followed him in the later decades of the century - think of David Bowie, David Byrne and Madonna - Hemingway exhibited a remarkable capacity to draw valuable lessons from avant garde and experimental artists, while having a deep intuition about how to apply these lessons in ways that remained accessible to mainstream literary society. For Hemingway the important influences included Ezra Pound, James Joyce and Gertrude Stein. He knew how to capture a lesson in narrative or language from the avant garde in a way that domesticated it for the mainstream.
And capture it, he did. In a manner strikingly resembling the way that rock and roll captured the rebellion and idealism of the educated and materially privileged baby boomers, Hemingway's fiction captured the existential disquiet of the post-WWI lost generation.
Such youthful meteoric success though, much as it's pined for by artistically inclined youth, generation after generation in the 20th century, has a heavy price to pay. For, where does one go from there; what is the encore? After the publication of For Whom the Bell Tolls, in 1940, a work already short of his youthful achievements, Hemingway's publications throughout the rest of the decade sank into an ever more uneasy reception from the public and critics alike.
For all that, though, Hemingway never ceased to be a household name and a source of constant popular fascination. Further, not only was he aware of this aspect of his fame, but he seems to have taken no small effort in cultivating it. He nurtured relationships with influential gossip columnists and photographs of him hunting or fishing big game always had a way of finding their way into the glossy magazines of the period.
He appeared in commercial advertisements endorsing a number of consumer products. And he regularly submitted letters to literary and other publications in which he primped and primed the well sculpted image of the man's man and the anti-intellectual intellectual.
By this time, at least in literary circles, Hemingway had plenty of detractors - those who depicted him as being reduced to a kind of self parody. To get a sense of how some were now regarding Hemingway, we might consider the 60s and 70s rock and pop bands, grey and flabby, that today cash in on their former glory on the casinos and community hall circuit.
For Hemingway, though, at least artistically, the end wasn't quite that tragic. Almost like one of those hanging-on senior citizen rock bands, with the audacity to actually try out a new song, rather than pandering endlessly to the clamoring for greatest hits, who suddenly found themselves with a new platinum record.
When it appeared to all-the-world that Hemingway had nothing original or important left to say, the literary world was swept away with the 1952 publication of his heartbreaking novella, The Old Man and the Sea. Amazingly, he had done it again; once more Hemingway had become artistically relevant. No doubt largely a function of this last great hurrah, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature, perhaps adding the final piece to the Hemingway legend.
And yet, there was something too true in the story, as there always was in Hemingway's greatest work. This story of an elderly man, near the end of life, who experiences his last grasp at greatness slip fleetingly through his fingers, perhaps told us more about the tragic heart of the legend than many wanted to hear.
And of course he molded that template for 20th century artistic celebrity right to the end. Anticipating all the tragic rock star youths which would follow the path he'd beaten, in 1961, in an isolated home, Hemingway succumbed to his own misdoing, in a suicidal fog of depression and substance abuse. The world lost one of the most important artists of the 20th century. In the process, the template of artistic celebrity which Hemingway made, received its finishing touch. And it would be a mold, simultaneously triumphant and tragic that informed the aspirations of dreamy youth throughout the rest of the century.
And in all likelihood does so still.
We've placed Hemingway high on our list of top 20 most famous American authors . He earned that rank on the strength of his contribution to English language literature. Yet, even with all that, there's no denying that his fame and its very nature superseded even that literary legacy. He made the mold for artistic celebrity that defined the 20th century.
Still in his 20s he rocketed to critical acclaim with his anguished and restless novella The Sun Also Rises. Just a couple years later, still basking in his critical cache, he also became a bestselling author, with the publication of A Farewell to Arms. The latter was sandwiched between a pair of story collections that were so remarkable that it is fair to say that Hemingway singlehandedly reinvented the short story. Stories like A Day's Wait, A Clean and Well-Lighted Place and Hills Like White Elephants were heartbreaking snapshots of life's tiny emotional wounds and scars.
This remarkable accomplishment of simultaneous critical and commercial success became the dream of generation after generation of artistically inclined youth throughout the 20th century. And to have achieved all this while still in fact a very young man was the almost fairytale-like part of the story. There were a variety of factors that converged to allow for his success.
To begin with, reminiscent of many of the most successful rock artists who followed him in the later decades of the century - think of David Bowie, David Byrne and Madonna - Hemingway exhibited a remarkable capacity to draw valuable lessons from avant garde and experimental artists, while having a deep intuition about how to apply these lessons in ways that remained accessible to mainstream literary society. For Hemingway the important influences included Ezra Pound, James Joyce and Gertrude Stein. He knew how to capture a lesson in narrative or language from the avant garde in a way that domesticated it for the mainstream.
And capture it, he did. In a manner strikingly resembling the way that rock and roll captured the rebellion and idealism of the educated and materially privileged baby boomers, Hemingway's fiction captured the existential disquiet of the post-WWI lost generation.
Such youthful meteoric success though, much as it's pined for by artistically inclined youth, generation after generation in the 20th century, has a heavy price to pay. For, where does one go from there; what is the encore? After the publication of For Whom the Bell Tolls, in 1940, a work already short of his youthful achievements, Hemingway's publications throughout the rest of the decade sank into an ever more uneasy reception from the public and critics alike.
For all that, though, Hemingway never ceased to be a household name and a source of constant popular fascination. Further, not only was he aware of this aspect of his fame, but he seems to have taken no small effort in cultivating it. He nurtured relationships with influential gossip columnists and photographs of him hunting or fishing big game always had a way of finding their way into the glossy magazines of the period.
He appeared in commercial advertisements endorsing a number of consumer products. And he regularly submitted letters to literary and other publications in which he primped and primed the well sculpted image of the man's man and the anti-intellectual intellectual.
By this time, at least in literary circles, Hemingway had plenty of detractors - those who depicted him as being reduced to a kind of self parody. To get a sense of how some were now regarding Hemingway, we might consider the 60s and 70s rock and pop bands, grey and flabby, that today cash in on their former glory on the casinos and community hall circuit.
For Hemingway, though, at least artistically, the end wasn't quite that tragic. Almost like one of those hanging-on senior citizen rock bands, with the audacity to actually try out a new song, rather than pandering endlessly to the clamoring for greatest hits, who suddenly found themselves with a new platinum record.
When it appeared to all-the-world that Hemingway had nothing original or important left to say, the literary world was swept away with the 1952 publication of his heartbreaking novella, The Old Man and the Sea. Amazingly, he had done it again; once more Hemingway had become artistically relevant. No doubt largely a function of this last great hurrah, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature, perhaps adding the final piece to the Hemingway legend.
And yet, there was something too true in the story, as there always was in Hemingway's greatest work. This story of an elderly man, near the end of life, who experiences his last grasp at greatness slip fleetingly through his fingers, perhaps told us more about the tragic heart of the legend than many wanted to hear.
And of course he molded that template for 20th century artistic celebrity right to the end. Anticipating all the tragic rock star youths which would follow the path he'd beaten, in 1961, in an isolated home, Hemingway succumbed to his own misdoing, in a suicidal fog of depression and substance abuse. The world lost one of the most important artists of the 20th century. In the process, the template of artistic celebrity which Hemingway made, received its finishing touch. And it would be a mold, simultaneously triumphant and tragic that informed the aspirations of dreamy youth throughout the rest of the century.
And in all likelihood does so still.
About the Author:
To keep up on the scoop about U.S. writers, dead or alive, you need to follow Mickey Jhonny's work at the blog Famous American Authors . He also follows the trends in sophisticated television: catch his insightful articles at the Don Draper Haircut blog.
